■ それぞれの指示に沿って、次の各問いに答えてください。
[１～４：それぞれの設問文の空欄に最も適切に当てはまる語句（の組み合わせ）を一つ選んでください]
1) ---- running a complex organization or operation such as a large manufacturing plant or a military deployment requires the precise coordination of materials, machines and ----
2) To learn how to ---- someone else may not be easy; if you are to see things from another's point of view, you have to put aside your own --- and preconceptions.
3) Dr.Benjamin Rush, the most eminent American physician of his day, fought yellow fever with bleedings and ----, but other doctors prescribed milder remedies.
4) In general, new ruling elites have adhered to two state models: the first is ---- but blended with shades of democracy, and the second is strictly ----.
[５～７：表記の単語ペアの関係と同様の関係の組み合わせ方をしている単語 ペアを１つ選んでください]
5) TELEVISION : SCREEN ::
6) EVIDENCE : INSUFFICIENT ::
7) HOT : TROPICAL ::
[８～１２：以下の文章を読んでそれぞれの設問に最も適切な答を１つ選んで ください] ＨＩＮＴ！ 難解語句の訳はこちら
The following passage discusses the environmental event known as " El Nino. "
Every three to five years during the months of December and January, fish in the coastal waters off of Peru and Ecuador virtually vanish, causing the fishing business to come to a standstill, South American fishermen have given this phenomenon the name El Nino, which is Spanish for "The child," because it comes about the time of the celebration of the birth of the Christ Child.
El Nino effects are not limited to the disturbed areas off of Peru and Ecuador, in many parts of the world, the disruption of a normal climate can have tragic and profound economic consequences. For example, El Nino has been shown to be related to the unusual flooding in Texas in the winter of 1991-1992, and to the anomalous warmth experienced in the southeast United States in the same period.
The key element of the El Nino phenomenon is the interaction between the winds in the atmosphere and the sea surface. The pool of warm waters the normally resides in the western waters of the Pacific drifts eastward toward the western coast of South America. Towering cumulus clouds, reaching high into the atmosphere with multiple regions of strong up-and-down vertical (convective) motions, form and move eastward across the Pacific as they are generated by the warm surface waters. This movement of the powerfully active convective regions alters the surface winds, and weakens the normally prevailing east-to-west trade winds.
In normal years, when there is no El Nino, the trade winds tend to blow from east to west across the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific. They tend to drag the surface waters westward across the ocean. In turn, this causes deeper, colder waters to rise to the surface. The "upwelling" of deep ocean waters brings with in the nutrients that otherwise would lie near the bottom of the ocean. The fish population living in the upper waters is dependent on these nutrient from below for survival.
In an El Nino, the westward trade winds weaken, causing the upwelling of deep water to cease. The consequent warming of the ocean surface further weakens the trade winds, and strengthens El Ninio. Without upwelling, the nutrients from deep water are no longer available. This signals the end of the fishing industry until the time that normal conditions return.
8) The origin of the name "El Nino" comes from the fact that the phenomenon is
9) An El Nino phenomenon is best described as
10) It can be inferred that the first step in the process of the creation of an El Nino phenomenon is
11) The "normal conditions" referred to in line 50 include all of the following, EXCEPT
12) With which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree?
